639 _ . 

(y / 

py 1 



^ bk4l^. 



t(.- 



STERILITY IS LAID." 



PROF. VILLE'S NEW SYSTEM OF AGRICULTURE. 



AN ADDRESS 



DELIVERED BEFORE THE 



BEDFORD, W. H., FARMERS' CLUB, 



FEBRUARY 28, 1868. 



By JOHN A. RIDDLE, Esq 



Published by request of Club. Third Edition. 

PRICE TWENTY -FIVE CENTS. 



Address SOLOMON MANNING, Sec^y of Club, Bedford, N. H., 
Or JOHN A. RIDDLE, Manche.ster, N. H. 



MANCHESTER, N. H. : 

PRINTED BY CHARIES F. LIVINGSTON. 
1868. 



14 Years Established. 
EVERORKEN TREES. 





Arbor Vitm Tree as it comes di- 
rect from the forest; often ill- 
formed. Yet if wanted, price is 
only one-third the cost of well- 
grown nursery trees of the same 
height. 



Nursery-Grown. A good 
Arbor Vitse Tree, forming 
very perfect hedge at once, 
sure to live if carefully re- 
moved and transplanted 
with skill. 



The two cuts above illustrate the relative beauty between forest and nursery 
grown Arbor Vitse. The cut directly following shows a compact hedge of this ever- 
green. 




Arbor Yitje, 2 to 4 years transplanted, thrif- 
ty grown, stocky plants : 





DOZEN. 


HUNDRED. 


THOUSAND. 


4 to 9 inches, 


$ .50 


$2.50 


$15.00 


9 to 12 " 


1.00 


6.00 


40.00 


12 to 18 " 


1.50 


8.00 


60.00 


18 to 24 " 


2.00 


10.00 


80.00 


24 to 30 " 


2.50 


15.00 


100.00 


30 to 3& " 


3.00 


15.00 





3 feet, very compact in form, for sepai-ate planting, 50c. each. 

The hardy native evergreens of northern forests, T transplant by the 100.000 
yearly. 

Nerway Spruce, White Spruce, Slack Spruce, Fir Salsarn, Heniloch, 
A.pple and Pear Trees, Small Fruits, Grape Vines, &c. 

Send for Catalogue by mail, with 12 cuts of fruits and trees. 

J. W. MANNING, Proprietor, 

Reading, Mass. 



c; 



STERILITY IS LAID.' 



PROF. VILLE'S NE¥ SYSTEM OF AGRICULTURE. 



AN ADDRESS 



DELIVERED BEFOKE THE 



BEDFORD, N. H., FARMERS' CLUB, 

FEBRUARY 28, 1868. 



Br JOHN A. RIDDLE, Esq. 



Published by request of Club. Fourth Edition. 

PRICE TWENTY-FIVE CENTS. 



Address SOLOMON MANNING, Sec'y of Club, Bedford, N. H.» 
Or JOHN A. RIDDLE, Manchester, N. H. 



MANCHESTER, N. H. : 

PRINTED BT CHAELES F. LIVINGSTON. 

1868. 



N i' ^*' 

BEDFORD (N. H.) FARMERS' CLUB. 



Col. GEORGE W. RIDDLE, Chah-nian. 
SOLOMON MANNING, Esq., Secretartj. 



NEW HAMPSHIRE STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



Gen. NATT HEAD, Hooksett, President. 
AARON YOUNG, Esq., Portsmouth, Secretary. 
Col. GEORGE W. RIDDLE, Bedford, Treasurer. 

DIRECTORS. 

Gen. NATT HEAD, Hooksett. 
Hon. DAVID GILLIS, Na.shaa. 
WARREN F. DANIELL, Esq., Prankliu. 
EDWARD GUSTINE, Esq., Keene. 
J. W. COGSWELL, Esq., Gilraanton. 



MERRIMACK VALLEY POULTRY ASSOCIATION. 



FRANKLIN TENNEY, Manchester, President. 
CHARLES EVERETT, Weare, Vice President. 
EDWIN P. RICHARDSON, ManchesteP, Secretary. 
GEORGE W. RIDDLE, Bedford, Treasurer. 

KXECUTITE committee: 

A. W. QUINT, Manchester. 
VIRGIL C. OILMAN, Nashua. 
W. G. GARMON, Manchester. 
JOHN B. SANBORN, East Concord, 
WILLIAM T. EVANS, Manchester. 



lit ftXCIiAl»0» ^ 



'j N 



»U4 



ADDRESS. 



It has long been conceded that if the ordinary farmer 
could ascertain the essential constituents of the soil of 
each lield he was cultivating, so that he could adapt his 
crops to the soil, it would be of vast advantage to him. 

Ill this early day of Agricultural Colleges, few farmers 
possess the requisite knowledge to make an analysis oi 
soils in accordance with present chemical rules ; and if 
they did, such are the imperfections of that system that 
little practical good would be derived therefrom. 

While we were engaged in suppressing a gigantic rebel- 
lion which threatened the very life of our country, a man 
in Europe, having every advantage of position and sci- 
ence, perfected a system, which having been tested from 
flower -pots to large fields, culminated in presence of hun- 
dreds of farmers and others who had met to witness the 
crops as they were being harvested, and convinced the 
most incredulous. 

An English writer says : " It is not extravagant in stat- 
ing that light has thus replaced darkness ; that order has 
succeeded chaos, and that the phantom of sterility is 
laid." 

An American writer says: "It is impossible to doubt 
or question the importance of his investigations. " 

For four years previous to 1864, many curious visitors 
were shown plots of ground manured and sown in accord- 
ance with Prof. Ville's system. Some of them had been 
planted four times in succession with the same kind of 



4 

crop, giving at the commencement what he calls a com- 
plete manure, and adding yearly the ingredients principal- 
ly absorbed b}^ the crop. Upon others the crops were 
changed yearly, so that each year the particular crop re- 
quired principally a different agent, then, after passing 
through the series furnished by the complete manure, the 
ingredient principally required by the crop proposed 
should be added till the crop showed, by a falling ofl", that 
the complete manure w"as again wanted. U]ider these cir- 
cumstances the crops reached to results of irrefutable elo- 
quence. Still other plots with one and another of the el- 
ements omitted, in which vegetation was feeble and almost 
nothing in proportion to the quantity and quality of the el- 
ement omitted, thus furnishing a means of ascertaining the 
comparative richness of soils. 

Asfriculture has little need to concern itself about the 
ingredients which are found in sufficient quantity in nearly 
all soils, as silica, alumina, manganese, iron, chlorine, etc. ; 
but to those which exist in slight proportions, and which 
are essential to the growth of plants, since vegetation is 
impossible without them, as phosphate of lime, potash and 
lime. 

Each plant contains all these essentials, but in different 
proportions, as wheat, corn, barley, rye, etc., contain 
more phosphate; beans, peas, potatoes, etc., both phos- 
phate and potash ; hay, etc., more lime. The phosphate of 
lime is largely obtained from bone, and no fixrmer should 
allow a single one to be lost. Dr. Nichols in his "Chem- 
istry of the Farm and Sea," gives the following directions 
for preparing bones : 

"Take a sound common molasses cask, divide in the 
middle with a saw, into one half of this place half a barrel 
of Jlnely-gvomid bone, and moisten it with two buckets of 
water, using a hoe in mixing. Have ready a carboy of oil 
of vitriol, and a stone pitcher holding one gallon. Turn 
out this full of the acid, and gradually add it to the bone, 



constantly stirring. As soon as effervescence subsides, 
fill it again with acid and add as before ; allow it to remain 
over night, and in the morning repeat the operation, add- 
ing two more gallons of acid. When the mass is quiet, 
add about tAvo gallons more of water, and then gradually 
mix the remaining half barrel of bone and allow it to rest. 
The next day it may be spread upon a floor, where it will 
dry speedily if the weather is warm. A barrel of good 
loam may be mixed with it in drying. It may be beaten 
fine with a mallet, or ground in a plaster mill. If several 
casks are used, two men can prepare a tun of excellent 
superphosphate after this method in a day's time. 

Again, take 100 lbs. of bone beaten into fragments small 
as possible, pack them in a tight cask or box with 100 lbs. 
of good wood ashes ; mix with the ashes before packing 
25 lbs. of slaked lime and 12 lbs. of salsoda, powdered 
fine. It will require about 20 gallons of water to saturate 
the mass, but more may be added from time to time to 
maintain moisture. In two or three weeks the bones will 
be broken down completely, and the Avhole mass may be 
turned out upon a floor, and mixed with two bushels of 
dry peat or good soil and after drying it is fit for use." 

Extensive quarries o:^ minerals, containing a large per 
cent, of phosphate of lime, are found scattered over the 
surfiice of the earth, in chalk coprolites, fossil bones, 
nodules, apatite, &c. 

JPotash is principally obtained from wood ashes : other 
sources are becoming known, as the water of the first 
washing of greasy wool, the mother waters in the manu- 
facture of salt, felspathic rocks, &c. A French agricul- 
tural writer, alluding to the large quantity of potash re- 
ceived from America, says : "It is an excellent thing that 
the wild desert should be impoverished to enrich the in- 
dustry of civilized countries." 

Lime is obtained from the inexhaustible beds of lime- 
stone throughout the country. 



6 

These essential elements combined vvitli a nitrogcnou)^ 
matter, and added to any kind of soil, suffice to render it 
fertile — with them plants can hctually be fabricated. 

N^itroqenous matter is that which contains nitroa^en in a 
suitable condition for vegetation, as ammoniacal salts or 
nitrates. The sources of nitrogen are the air, ammonia 
from gas works and sewage water, nitrate of soda (salt- 
peter), decomposed animal matter, urine, &c, (The 
urine of a single individual is estimated to be of more value 
in a year than a cord of manure.) No dead animal should 
£ be thrown away, but put into the compost heap to make a 
f very rich and valuable manure — a slight covering of muck 
! or loam will absorb the ammonia so as to render it inoffen- 
sive. 

Prof. ViLLE, a scientific Frenchman, after fifteen years 
experimenting, substituted for soil an artificial mixture, 
all the elements of wdiich were clearly defined. In this 
way he succeeded in producing vegetation in pots of china 
with burnt sand and perfectly pure chemicals. Under 
these circumstances he carried on the four following ex- 
periments, viz : 

1. Burnt sand alone'. 

2. Sand with a nitrogenous substance. 

3. Sand with minerals only. (Phosphate of lime, 
potash and lime.) 

4. Sand Avith the nitrogenous substance and' minerals. 
He sowed on the same day, in each pot 20 grains of the 

same wheat, of the same weight, and kept them moist 
with distilled water during the entire period of vegetation. 
At the harvest the following facts were observed, viz : 

No. 1. The plant was very feeliie, the crop, dried, 
weio:hed only 93 orains. 

No. 2. The crop still very poor, was, however, better 
than No. 1, — it weighed 140 grains. 

No. 3. It was a little inferior to the preceeding, — it 
weiofhed 123 o-rains. 



7 
No. 4. It weio'hecl 370 oTaiiis. 

« 

From these experiments we eoiicliide that each of the 
agents fulfils a separate and combined action, as the effect 
in combination was much better than that produced sepa- 
rately. 

With nitrates, lime and potash, leaving out the phos- 
phate of lime, vegetation is not possible — the seeds ger- 
- minated and scarcely arrived at four inches in hight ; the 
plants withered and died. A mixture of lime and potash 
is, therefore injurious to vegetation, unless united with 
phosphate of lime. If with the same agents a trace (one 
hundred thousandth) of phosphate of lime be added, you 
will obtain a plant — meagre it is true, but which does not 
wither and die. 

With phosphate of lime in sufficient quantity, the crop 
rises to 370 grains. If the potash be left out the plant 
does not die, but the crop is inferior to that given by ni- 
trates alone, — it descends to 123 grains. Potash is then 
less indispensable than phosphate of lime, as its absence 
does not, as with the phosphate, cause the death of the 
plants. Experiment has shown that soda cannot be sub- 
stituted for potash. No substitute of the essential ele- 
ments of plant-food is possible — the plant detects the 
slightest shade of differeAce. Without potash, soda exer- 
cises no influence upon the yield — therefore with regard 
to wheat, potash is of the first importance.* 

In the absence of lime, the crop weighed 340 grains in- 
stead of 370 with the combined agents or complete manure. 

This seems to indicate that lime plays only a secondary 
part, but practice obtains very good effects from its use. 

Substitute sand and Jnimus (vegetable mould), for sand 
without lime, the yield remains the same, 340 grains — the 
humus has no action either useful or injurious, but if we 



*George E. ■White, Esq., of New York, says : Experiments have led me to believe that vifith 
sulphate of soda substituted for potash In the formula, the same or nearly the same result is ob- 
tained. 



add the lime (in the state of carbonate) in this same ex- 
periment, the yield rises to 493 grains. 

The seed being equal to 1 ; the crop with complete man- 
ure equals 23 ; less nitrates, 8.83 ; less potash, 6.57 ; less 
phosphate of lime, 0.77 and died; less lime, 21.62; add 
humus 33.35. 

The lime, which in the absence of all organic matter, 
influences the yield but little, manifests a very decisive ac^ 
tion in the presence of humus. Humus, alone, produces 
no effect. 

These experiments show that to produce plants, the soil 
must contain, in a condition suitable for plants, nitrates, 
phosphate of lime, potash and lime, and to assure the ben- 
efit of the lime, the presence of humus is indispensable. 

It will now be seen why agricultural experiments made 
upon soils more or less fertile, have not and cannot lead to 
any practical conclusion. 

If an agriculturist had the ' idea of adding to a field al- 
ready containing phosphate of lime, a manure containing 
nitrogenous matter, potash and lime, he would obtain a 
magnificent harvest — he would sound the praises of his 
manure. Others, trying the same experiments, upon fields 
which happen to contain no phosphate of lime, will be sad- 
ly disappointed, as this manure will lower the yield, and 
will be injurious, unless accompanied by phosphate of 
lime. 

We have seen that four essential agents are sufiicient to 
assure fertility of soils, and that the suppression of one of 
them lowers the yield to a very important extent. If a 
soil is naturally provided with phosphates, its suppression 
in the manure will produce no bad effect. Whenever the 
manure without phosphates produces a crop equal to that 
which does contain it, we may conclude that the soil is nat- 
urally provided with it. The same holds good in regard 
to lime, potash and nitrates. Cultivate the same gtoil with 
manure deficient in each, and according as thej produce 



9 



good or bad crops, draw your conclnsions as to the pres- 
ence or absence of these agents of fertility. 

This new method banishes all hypothesis, as it rests up- 
on the following facts, proved by experience, viz : 

1. Minerals and assimilable nitrates produce good 
crops everywhere ; used separately, they are always with- 
out effect. 

2. Lime is useful only in presence of humus. 

3. Lime and humus produce great effects only in pres- 
ence of minerals and nitrates. 

This method adapts itself to all the wants of the farmer, 
since, it is sufficient to scatter a few handsful of a known 
fertilizing manure upon a field to indicate, at the time of 
harvest, what the soil contains, what it wants and conse- 
quently what must be added to it to render it fertile. 

It \& practicable, as it requires no difficult manipulation, 
no apparatus, and employs only the usual processes of cul- 
tivation. 

The following are the results obtained in three different 
soils, compared with those given by burnt sand under sim- 
ilar conditions : 











COMPLETE MANURE. 


















3 


fl 






































OS 

a 


s 


1! 


3." 


o 


a 


3 




3 
O 


4) 

a 

o 

O 




o ® 


3 


o 


3 




^ 


^ 


fe: ^ 


^ 


^ 


^ 


Burnt Sakd 


G 


24 


8 





7 


22 


32 


No. 1 


5^- 
4 
11 


32 


9 


6 


8 


22 




No. 2. 


29 
35 


16 
20 


9 

28 


18 

28 






No. 3 


32 









Reasoning in the same manner with regard to the other 
elements, it contains neither nitrates, potash, nor lime since 
in their absence it is not more fertile than burnt sand ; on 



the other bnncl, it eontains traces of phosphate of lime, for 
where it wa;? not added, it yielded a light crop, while in 
the sand the plants invariably perished. 

The soil (jf No. 2 contains hmnus, a little nitrogenous 
matter, a little potash and a very small quantity of phos- 
phates. 

The soil of No. o is rich in humus, phosphates, potash 
and lime, but poor in nitrates. 

These are positive data, which we can employ in fertiliz- 
ino- soils ; let us see to what extent thev were verified in 
practice on a large scale. 

WHEAT. — CROP PER ACRE. 



AVEKAGE or THREE TEARS CROPS. 













OJ 




P 




cS 


.a 


J2 




s 


« 


» 




§•■ 
















e 


•*^ 


•p 


o 


j: 






s 


C 


& 








,ij 


,jj 


■^ 


_^^ 




"S- 


o 






g 




a 


S3 


r^ 


■^ 


S 




o 

o 


^ 


^ 


^ 


^ 




lbs. 


lbs. 


lbs. 


lbs. 


lbs. 




11,001 
5,903 


6,952 
3,617 


8,580 
4,313 


16,117 
4,721 


11,059 


fjRllI 


4,825 








16,904 


10,569 


12,893 


14,838 


15,884 



This table shows that without phosphates the crop was 
nearly equal to that with a complete manure — without pot- 
ash, it sensibly diminished; without nitrogenous matter, 
it was very inferior. The complete manure gives an in- 
crease over that without nitrates, 60 per cent. ; without 
minerals, 31 per cent. ; without potash, 15 per cent. ; 
without phosphate, 7 per cent. These results are almost 
exactly like those derived from experiments on a small 

scale. 

The plant, therefore, becomes one of the most perfect 
instruments of analysis, the only one in the present state 



11 



of science, capable of making known, practically, t\w 
composition of soils. 

Burnt sand and complete manure without pliosphatc 
causes the death of plants. 

In the soil from No. 1, the same compound gave a crop 
equal to 6, which proves small quantitie** of phosphate of 
lime in the soil; 'if one hundred -thousandth of phosphate 
of lime be added to the bin-nt sand and complete manure, 
except phosphate, the yield rises to 6, showing with cer- 
tainty the presence of one hundred -thousandth of phos- 
phate of lime in the soil of No. 1. 

The accuracy of this method in relation to the other el- 
ements is no less remarkable. Three ten -thousandths of 
potash cause the yield to pass from 8 to 32. One ten- 
thousandth of lime, in presence of humus, raises it from 
12 to 24. We are then in possession of a means of analy- 
sis, the perfection of which yields in no respect to the 
most delicate processes of the chemical laboratory, the 
results of which are verified exactly by cultivation on large 
scale, capable, consequently, of throwing a sin-e lighfe> up on 
agricultural operations. To put it into practice, the agri- 
culturalist will only have to reserve some square plots in a 
field, to which he will give complete and partial manures 
of the following composition for the surface of an acre : 

COMPLETE MANURE. 





6 


3 
O 

a 




<6 

Is 






3 

a 


0) 

be 


a 


.a 






« 






o 


4> 




p 








a 






a . 


p- 


». 




















3 ^ 




c: 


2 
















p,"* 


-a 2 






j3- 




a 












O 


^ 


^ 


^ 


^ 


Nitrate of Soda. (Nitro- 












genous matter) 

Carbonate of Potash 


488 Ibi. 
352 " 




488 lbs. 


48.S lbs. 
352 " 


488 lbs. 


352 lbs. 


352 " 


Phosphate of Lime 


352 " 


352 " 


352 lbs. 




352 ■' 


132 " 


132 " 


132 " 


132 lbs. 









12 



At the harvest he will carefully note the results obtained, 
and for the following year he will fix upon that which his 
soil requires, and, consequently, upon that which he must 
add to render it fertile. Dr. Nichols, in his "Chemistry 
of the Farm and Sea," says the sulphate of magnesia 
should be added on New England soil. ^Ye can by this 
method, ascertain the agricultural properties of soils, and 
by its aid construct true agricultural maps, by means of 
experimental fields disseminated through the country 
upon lands belonging to the diflerent geological formations. 

There exists four regulating agents j^ar excellence in the 
production of vegetables : nitrogenous matter, phosphate 
of lime, potash and lime. To preserve to the soil its fer- 
tility, we must supply it periodically with these four sub- 
stances in quantities equal to those removed by the crops. 
All arable land contains a portion of these necessary ele- 
ments. It has long been admitted that the soil will not 
yield crops without manure, and the best manure found in 
practice is the dunghill. 



ANALYSIS OF MANURES FROM DIFFERENT mmkl^.-Stochhardt. 



FRESH EXCREMENT. 


FRESH URINE. 








A 






^ 










c3 






=j 
































o 










fli 






& 


m 




IN 1,000 POUNDS. 






a 


a 


"TS 


2 






bD 


03 




bo 


C3 


A 








ci 














^ 


fa 


o 


p 


-§ 


o 






g 


o 
01 




^ 


O 


Pi 






lbs. 


lbs. 


lbs. 


lbs. 


lbs. 


lbs. 


Cows . . . 




3 


1 


H 


8 


14 




HOKSB 


5 
6 


3 
3 


6 
SI- 


12 

14 

3 


15 

20 

2 




Sheep 


i 


Hog 




Human 


7 


10 








1 ^ 

Of 100 lbs. of nitrogen, in the food of a cow, 40 are 
lost, 48 remain in the manure, and 12 goes to milk. 

To obtain this manure we must raise or keep stock ; to 
feed it requires pasture. If all the crops are consumed on 
the farm by the animals, we find in their excrements al- 
most the whole of the phosphates and potash contained in 
their food. About two -thirds of the nitrogen would be 
returned to the soil in the manure, the loss of the other 
third Avould impoverish the farm unless an equivalent be 
found in clover which mostly derives its nitrogen from the 
atmosphere. Thus the raising of cattle does not sensibly 
impoverish the farm. 

By the use of the new method we may abolish the old 
practices and replace them by a simpler agriculture, more 
manageable and more remunerative. Instead of, by great 
care and precaution, maintaining the fertility of the soil, 
we reconstitute it by means of the four agents pointed out, 
which can be derived from the great storehouse of nature 
and added to the usual stock of farm manure. No rotation 
of crops is necessary, no cattle. We produce at will the 
crop wdiich best serves our interest and export the whole, 
if to our advantrge. We cultivate the same crop upon 
the same soil, indefinitely, if we desire. The soil is mere- 
ly a medium of production, in which we convert at pleasure 
the four agents in the formation of plants into this or that 
crop as suits us. All that is required is to maintain these 
four elements in sufiieient proportion that the crops may 
obtain the quantity their organization demands. We hold 
the balance in our own hands and as one of the scales tends 
to rise we restore the equilibrium by loading the other. 

In the old system the balance was maintained blindly, 
frequently one of the useful elements failed and the crops 
were also deficient. In the new, the plants finding in 
abundance all they require, always attain their largest pos- 
sible growth ; the crops are also much more abundant as 
may be seen by the following table : 



14 



YIELD PER ACRE. 



OLD PROCESS. 


NEW 


PROCESS. 


(Straw. 8,250 lbs.) 

Wheat, \ Ul ,889 lbs. 

(Grain, 3,639 " ) 


( Straw, 
Wheat, a 

(Grain, 


15,270 lbs.) 

)- 23,520 lbs. 
8,250 •• j 


(Straw. 5.414 " ) 

Peas... < )■ IMQ " 

(Grain, 2,166 " ) 


( Straw, 
Peas . . . -l 

(Grain, 


10.014 " ) 

- 12.863 " 
2,849 " ) 


Beetuoot Roots 6,978 " 


Beetkoot Roots, 


20,110 •' 



Complete manure creates fertility everywhere ; but it is 
not necessary always and everywhere to have recourse to 
SO expensive a CDmpound. By suppressing the nitrates, 
the yield of wheat is considerably reduced, but that of peas 
and vegetables is not affected. Suppress potash and the 
yield of vegetables suifers most; phosphate of lime, tur- 
nips, parsnips and roots generally will show the v/orst ef- 
fects. Thus, in each kind of crop there is one element 
which exercises a more particular influence upon the yield. 

The folio Aving law will, therefore, regulate the new prac- 
tice : 

Although the presence of the four agents of fertility in 
the soil is necessary and indispensable for all plants, the 
necessities of various cultivations are not the same in re- 
gard to the quantities of each of these agents ; ie. : each 
crop has its leading one. 



15 



ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT CROPS. 

(Patent Office Report.) 





-a 
a 

o 


Phosphate 
of lime. 


.2 

aj 
So 

s 


a! 

3 






30.00 
13.00 
32.5 
9.6 
16.S 
19.1 
26.00 
17.2 
19.S 
• 18.4 
55.8 
28.1 
36.3 
4.7 
33.3 
53.1 
37.00 
28.7 
55.5 
14.6 
21.7 


46.00 

5.00 
44.9 

7.1 
18.2 

2.6 
46.3 

3.8 
35.2 

3.1 
12.6 

7.6 
33.5 

4.8 
37.6 

7.2 . 

9.7 

9.3 

8.4 
13.7 

9.9 


12.00 
S.OO 
1.4 
6.6 
7.7 
3.8 

11.2 
2.4 
8.6 
4.1 
5.3 
7.1 
8.5 
6.9 
8.00 
6.7 
3.6 
3.1 
S.4 
3.6 
4.9 


3 00 


Wheat — 


(Straw 


6 00 




( Grain 


1 4 


COIIN 


" (stalk 


8 00 


Oat8. . . 


(Grain 


3.9 




(Straw....- 


8.1 
4 2 


Rye 


( Straw 


9 1 




( Grain 


2 6 


Barley 


(straw 


S.l 




( Tubers 


2.1 


Potatoes.. 


1 Tods 


17.00 




( Peae 


5.4 


Peas 


1 Straw 


54.9 




( Beans 


5.8 


Beans 


"' (straw 


20.00 




( Bulbs 


11.1 


Turnips . . 


(Tops 


23.3 


Clover. . . . 




32.8 


LUCERNK. . 


50.6 


Meadow 


13.9 







If we wish to cultivate a piece of poor land, we begin 
• by giving it the complete manure to create a sufficiency of 
the four agents of fertility. We raise one or two crops of 
cereals upon this manure ; then give, each year, the dom- 
inant element of the crop we propose to raise. If we 
adopt a rotation of four years with such crops that, at the 
end has received the four agents, we can continue thus in- 
definitely without ever requiring the complete manure. 



16 

The same system is applicable to a fertile soil ; only we 
may dispense with the first dose of complete manure, and^ 
commence with the dominant element of the first crop we 
desire to raise. 

If we wish to continue the same crop indefinitely, we 
employ its dominant ; taking care to apply the complete 
manure as soon as a- reduction in the yield shows the neces- 
sity of so doing. By these simple combinations we are in 
possession of a new method of agriculture much more pow- 
erful than its predecessors. 

Formerly, the total matter placed by nature at our dis- 
posal was limited ; all that the old systems could do was 
to maintain the fertility, not increase it. 

Under the influence of the new method matters at pres- 
ent without value, which scarcely serve as materials of 
construction and of which nature possesses inexhaustible 
stores, can be converted into vegetable products, forage, 
to nourish the animals upon which we feed ; and cereals, 
to produce bread, the most valuable of our resources. 

To combine the agents of fertility which have reposed 
in o-eoloo-ical strata since the foundations of the earth were 
laid, to place them at the disposal of the small farmer, will 
be to o'ive fertilitv to millions of aci'es devoted to the 
small farmer, and create prosperity among millions occu- 
pied in agricultural industry. 

Practical experience has proved that with this complete 
manure it is possible to raise abundant crops, — that the 
increase of yield has been more than three tons per acre. 
The following results a\\ow for tliemselves : 

No. 1. — Wheat. — Third crop from the same land with- 
out fresh manure since the first application. 

CROP PER ACRE. 





WITHOUT MANURE. 




WITH COJirLETE MANURE. 


Fo. 1.. 


(Straw,.... 704 lbs. 1 
(Grain,.... 198 " i 


897 lbs. 


5,913 lbs.) 

[ 8,S17 lbs. 
2,464 " ) 



11 



]^o. 2. — WHExiT. — Fourth crop, without fresh manure 
since the first. 



WITHOUT MANURE. 



WITH COMPLETE MANURE. 



No. 2. 



I Straw,.,.. 1,074 lbs. 
(Grain,.... 316 " 



1,390 lbs. 



4,629 lbs.) 

} 6,389 lbs. 
1,760 " 1 



No. 3. — Colza (a species of cabbage). — After two 
crops of barley, without fresh manure. 



WITHOUT MANURE. 



WITH COMPLETE MANURE. 



No. 3. 



(Straw,.... 5, 632 lbs.) 

)■ 6,952 lbs. 
....1,320 " ) 



(Grain, 



7,700 lb3. 
2,410 



b3.) 



110 lbs. 



No. 4. — Beetkoot. 



WITHOUT M.VNURE. 



WITH COMPLETE MANURE. 



(Leaves, 14,696 lbs.) 

1601 J. .. U9,312 1bs. 

(Roots, 44,616 " ) 

(Leaves, 7,040 " ) 

1862 \ U9,096 " 

(Roots, 12,056 " ) 

1863 Crops destroyed by worms. 

(Leaves, 6,204 lbs.) 

1864 \ \- 22,748 lbs. 

(Roots 16,544 " ) 



14,344 lbs. 

47,960 " 

9,680 " 

21,820 " 



62,304 lbs. 
31,500 " 



6,618 lbs 
24,990 



bs. ) 



608 lbs. 



No. 5. — After two crops without manure. 



COMPLETE MANURE. 



Leaves, 7,700 lbs 

Roots, 30,624 



OS. \ 

. }38,3-^ 



324 lbs. 



No. 6. — After three fine crops of wheat without fresh 
manure. 

COMPLETE MANURE. 



Leaves, 7,304 lbs. ) 

> 44,130 lbs. 
Roots, ...36,826 " ) 



18 
THE POTATO DISEASE. 



Ever since the first appearance of this vegetable plague, experi- 
ments have been going on in various parts of France, and espe- 
cially at Vincennes lately, with a view to determine its nature and 
the means of averting it. Different kinds of manure have been 
applied to the soil for the latter purpose, and from the observations 
collected, a certain theory has been deduced not without import- 
ance to agriculturists. 

Thus, if all the fertilizing ingredients, viz.: nitrogen, lime, 
phosphate of lime and potash, be mixed up in given proportions, 
the compound thus formed is called complete manure. The sub- 
stance which seems to have an elective salutary power over the 
growth of a plant is called dominant; thus nitrogen is the domi- 
nant of wheat, rape and beet; potash that of the leguminous 
species, and phosphate of lime that of turnips, etc. To find the 
one that corresponds to potatoes, the above complete manure has 
been successively deprived of one or another of its principles, and 
from the table of results thus formed it appears that potash is the 
dominant required, because an acre that with it would produce 437 
bushels of the tuber in question, without it Avould not yield more 
than 156 bushels. Experiments made in 1867 show that nitrogen 
does not play so important a part in this particular case as was 
supposed, and that its action depends very much on the sort of 
crop that had preceded the potato. Prof. Ville gives the following, 
per acre, as the best manure for the usual cultivation of that 
tuber, viz.: acid phosphate of lime, 160 lbs.; nitrate of potash, 
80 lbs.; nitrate of soda, 120 lbs.; sulphate of lime, 160 lbs. 
The observations registered in 1866, at Vincennes, now seem to 
prove that the potato disease makes its appearance in those fields 
in which the manure is heavily charged with nitrogen, and also 
where the soil is poor in potash or phosphate of lime. These 
results, if confirmed by further experience, might lead to a perfect 
suppression of the disease by a proper management of the ground. 

Note. — The table on page 12 is doubtless per hectare, two and a half acres, 
instead of acres ; an error in translation, as it is a greater yield than ever known 
per acre. The ratio of increase for the use of the Complete Manure remains the 
same. 

J. A. R. 



th^ '-\^f'^'^ S COMPObT or method of chemicalizing manure and tilling the soil rendering 
the whole mass ot manure about equal to the best superphosphate, and savins the tamer flftf 
per cent of hard labor in tilling the soil. The chemicals cost.aboutCrdXr3Der^r^^^ 
are easily procured in all towns. It is adapted to all kinds of soil, espSlyight soil and wul 
hold out twenty per cent, longer than crude manure; it gives little o? no trouble to Brenarrt 
and herein is its great value. To illustrate its eflfects on spring crops : a farmer ma'V^ake ten 
cords crude manure, and I will take live cords chemicaUzed aiid produce at lea?tthe%«mp 
resul , and not do but about half the amount of labor he does. No fertihzer'in tl e hill «quire^ 
It is invaluable for wheat, preventing rust and weevil, and filling kernel plump To sum k all 
up in one sentence, give me an old worn out farm, with vitality exhausted/and two c^rds of 
crude manure per acre, in the fall, and if the next year is medium for grass, "will filUheo?d 
barn with good hay, if ever it was tilled in one year by that farm. I havefwith on! co?d of ma- 
nure produced 5 tons of hay on land previous year producing only }i ton. ' One rewipt's fort^S 
dressing and fruit, the other for all spring crops, and are five dollars each In ^derinMhem 
please copy and sign the foUowing obligation, and send it together with the money: ' 

*-*?^l?^F°,^,~^^' ^^^ undersigned, on our honors, pledge ourselves not to divulge the 
Sr5oli°al"cS,^?sTrard^^cX"e?f " '^^ ^"^ ""« ''^^' ^^ °— usc^le^ss^ufei^^l 

What is said by nearly all who have tested the Compost : 

J. F. DEAN, Feance-stown, K. H. 

Although late when I received your Top-Dressing Receipt, yet the result is hiehlv satis- 
factory, so much so that one hundred dollars would not induce me to give tup. It surpasses 
any other tertilizer I ever used. o"<= ^i up. ii surpasse* 

J. THING, Alton, N. H. 

- i V-lf*^ y^"^*^°'?P,?^* ^''*' '=°™ ^""^ wheat, with one-half my usual amount of manure and 
no fertilizer m the hill; my corn was the best I ever raised; my wheat, one half was dressed 
with crude manure, the other half with your compost ; that ef the compost was by far the best 
When growing, the difference could be seen a» rods oft ; am fully satisfied with result. 

JOSEPH CROSS, Ag't City Farm, Manchestek, N. H. 
I planted 2 acres of com for contrast. No. 1, plowed twice and applied ten cords crude 
when "t ^°" P'o^y«<i "nee and applied five cords of your compost; no perceptible difference 

TH05IAS E. HOUGH, Lebanon, K. H. 

1 spread a very light dressing of your compost on my wheat land. The result was a verv 
line growth of wheat, very plump kernel, and free from rust and weevil. I hauled Sllarse 
pfeasTdAvUhU ^^ brother Jabez used your compost on corn and is highfy 

WESTON EOWELL, Alex.vni>kia, K. H. 

1 chemicalized all of my manure last spring, and with one half my usual amount of manure 
I got better crops et aU kinds than ever before, especially of wheat, which was not troubled with 
rust or weevil. AU of my neighbors who have your receipts have obtained about the same result 
ixs my sGlt. 

J. p. BTJESIEL, AuBUKX, N. H. 

I used your compost in contrast with four other special fertilizers ; your compost came out 
best of all, and the manure was not half chemicaUzed at that. 

ne ' '''°d * l^^'''^ ordering these receipts, fearing them to be a humbug, for that is an article I 

VoccHERs.— We have known Hfr. Clark for many years ; he is a man of good standing, hon- 
est and responsible. 

FREDERICK S31YTH, Ex-Governor of New Hampshire. 

PHINEAS ADA.MS, Agent, Stark MUls, Manchester. 

WA'TERMAN SMITH, Manchester. 

JOSEPH B. CLARK, Ex-Mayor of Manchester. 

JOHN B. CLARKE, Editor Mirror, Manchester. 

Hon. DANIEL CLARK, Judge TJ. S. Court, Mai 



, Manchester. 



Address : 



JOSIAH CLARK, Manchester, % fi, 

( 10) 







iJ Jr6 " f^ 






.MAXL'FACTL'EED BY 

HENRY BOWER, Chemist, PHILADELPHIA. 

MADE I'KOM 

SUPERPHOSPHATE OF LIMB, AMMONIA AND POTASH. 

WARRAIS^TED FREE FROM ADULTERATION. 

This Manure contains all the elements to produce large crops of all kinds, 
and is highly reconiraended by all who have used it; also by distinguished 
chemists who Iuvac, by aual^'sis, tested its qualities. 

Pached in Sags of 200 pounds each . 

DIXON, SHARPLESS & CO., Agents, 
39 South Water, and 40 South Delaware Avenue, PHILADELPHIA. 

FOE SALE BY 

W.TLLIAM: REYNOLDS, 

79 South Street, Baltimore, Md. 

And by dealers generally throughout the country. 



DIRECTIONS FOR USE. 

The " Complete Manure " is particularly ivell adapted for use in the drill, 
as it is in fine poivder and dry. 

When sown in the di-ill for Wheat or Eye, apply one hundred to two 
hundred pounds to the acre. 

For Wheat or Rye sown broadcast, apply from three hundred to four 
hundred pounds to the acre. 

When sown in the drill for Oats, apply from one hundred to one hundred 
and fifty pounds to the acre. 

For Oats sown broadcast, use one hundred and fifty to two hundred 
pounds to the acre. 

For Corn, a haudfull to three hills ; if sown broadcast, two hundred and 
fifty to three hundred pounds to the acre. 

For Potatoes, three hundi-ed to three hundred and fifty pounds to the 
acre. 

For Grass, use one hundred and fifty to two hundred and fifty pounds 
to the acre. 

For Tobacco or Cotton, use four hundred pounds to the acre. 

(As the Tobacco plant requires a stimulant at a certain time of its growth, 
the " Complete Manure " is confidently recommended for this, as it contains 
elements peculiarly adapted to this plant, increasing the growth and flavor 
of the Tobacco.) 

Foi- Early Yegetables, Small Fruits and Peach Trees, at the rate of four 
hundred to five hundred pounds to the acre ; applied in the row or hill it will 
produce them very quickly. 

These directions apply to good soil, or moderately good, and in a fair 
state of cultivation; upon poor or worn out land, or that which has been 
badly tilled or neglected, the quantities ought to be increased. 

(20) 



TESTIMONIALS. 

Bedford, N. H. October, 22, ISGS. 
Ml!. Silas A. Iiiddle : — I puicbased last spring a small quautity of Bower's Com- 
plete Manure, and tried the same by side of Phosphate and other Manures ; also planted 
by side of it a row with Manure of no kind on it, and the difference in favor of the 
Complete Manure was evident, as far as could be seen. The land was sandy loam. 
I shall use the Complete Manure in preference to any kind of artificial Manure I ever 
tried yet. 

Bcspectfully Yours, ALBERT J. KNIGHT. 

Bedford, N. H. Jan. 20, 1868. 
f used Bower's Complete Manure last season (1868) ia addition to Barn Yard 
Manure, and it caused a much more rapid growth of the corn, of a more thrifty 
color and appearance, so it could be plainly discovered one fourth of a mile distant. 
I also tested it alongside and in comparison with a Superphosphate, the " Complete 
Manure " being much the best. The soil was a heavy gravelly loam. 

DAVID R. BARNARD. 

Testimonial from Mr. Miller of tbe firm of Cooke & Miller, Marketracri, 
Manchester. 

Mr. Silas A. Riddle.— Z)e«r Sir:-- I used Bower's Complete Manure the past 
season of 1868, in contrast with stable Manure and ashes, twenty loads of Manui-e 
composted with six hundred bushels of ashes, at the rate of from six to seven loads 
to the acre. .The " Complete Manure," at the same cost per acre as near as I could 
judge, gave me the best results. I also tried it in contrast with a Superphosphate, 
with the same amount. Would give the " Complete Manure " the preference, say 
from one fourth to one third. The land was a sandy loam in the Valley of the Merri- 
mac. If this is of use to you, you have the privilege to make use of it. 

Yours Respectfully, ROBERT M. MILLER, Bedford, N. H. 

Testimonial from Eev. Wm. Riclianlson. 

Maxchestek, N. H. January 21, 1860. 

Mr. Silas A. Riddle. — I used " Bower's Complete Manure " the past season upon 
a crop of potatoes. * 

The soil was light sandy loam, one half acre was ploughed once, four small one- 
horse loads of night soil was spread upon the surface, the rows were three and one- 
half feet apart, hills about three feet, seeded with large potatoes (Davis Seedlings) 
cut into four pieces, one piece in a hill. Two hundred pounds of the " Complete 
Manure " was distributed upon the piece, in the hill ; crop hoed once ; yield, 65 bush- 
els large, fine potatoes, and five bushels small ones, making seventy bushels ; quality 
very fine and no rot. W. RICHARDSON. " 

Bedford, N. H. January 22, 1861). 

I used " Bower's Complete Manure " last season upon a crop of potatoes, the soil 
was a gravelly loam. I contrasted it with three other commercial fertilizers, also 
with cew Manure, and with hen-dung, and think the " Complete Manure " gave the 
best results, at least the growing crop showed best where that was applied. I was 
sick at harvest and did not carry the experiment throngh as intended. I applied all 
the commercial fertilizers at the rate of dOOlbs per acre. 

CHARLES H. KENDALL. 

I used "Bower's Complete Manure" in comparison with several Phosphates, on 
my crops in 1868, and it gave the best results. ISAAC N. RIDDLE. 

Effects of tbe " Complete Manure " upon soil that had been planted many 
years without rotation of crops. 

Bridgewateu, Vt., Feb. 7. 1869. 

Mr. Silas A. Riddle.— The" Complete Manure " we had of you last spring, gave 
very good satisfaction with all who used it, and think there will be a call for it 
this spring, but I cannot tell at present, how much. Mr. Vaughan says where he 
used hog manure side by side ivith the " Complete Manure " on corn ground, the latter 
(" Complete Manure " ) proved much the better. Messers. Wood & Mitchell used no 
other manure and raised a good crop. Mr. Josselyn has become a convert to the 
use of it, and thinks he will want some this year. My own corn went beyond my 
own expectations. As you know the land had been in corn for many years and 
had failed of a good crop for several past years. The complete manure is just the 
thing for oar soil. 

Yours respectfully, R. D. BRIGGS. 

Orders solicited throughout New England by SILAS A. EIDDLE, 
193 Elm Street, Manchester, N. H. Refer to Col. Geo. W. Ridulk, 
Treas. N. H. State Agricultural Society. 

( 21 ) 



EtI?.Oi;V]VITVO-'^ 




None Genuine \("ithout the above mark. 

MADE UPON STRICTLr SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES. 

This article is entirely diflfcrent from anj' other ever oflfered to the public. Its composition y^iW 
vary, and contains such ingredients only as the tree, fruit, plant or crop for which it is intended 
requires ; thereby enabling the buyer to avoid purchasing a large quantity of what he does not 
want, in order to get a small quantity of what he really does want, which I know, from experi- 
ence, is true with many, if not all of the pliosphates that are in the market. No fertilizer can be 
good and cheap at the same price for two crops whose constituents are entirely different ; it may 
be good for both, but must be dear for one or the other. For example, if a phosphate should con- 
tain ingredients that would be cheap for wheat, at any given price, it is absurd to think that the 
same phosphate would be equally cheap at the same price for another cr{>p, whose constituents 
are entirely different. It cannot contain ingredients for two articles of an entirely different na- 
ture in such proportions as to be equally cheap for one as the other. I am confident that 
there is a great deal of money thrown away for pnosphates of different kinds, from the fact that 
they did not contain what the desired crop needed ; and in many cases the crop would have been 
better without it at all ; while if the same article had been used for other crops of a different na- 
ture, it would have doubly paid for its cost. I have been carefully experimenting for several 
vears, and any one who will take the trouble to visit my farm near Ellisburg, N. J. five miles from 
t'amden, where I am constantly experimenting, may see where I produced a growth upon Peach 
and Pear trees of six feet six inches in one season, and fruit upon the same unusually large and 
line, while trees right alongside, equally good in every respect, not having the phosphate on them, 
did not grow one foot in the same time, and produced no fruit at all. I will be prepared to furnish. 
at short notice, a phospliate for an acre of fruit,— vine or tree fruit,— and all ordinary plants or 
crops that are grown in this country, such as wheat, rye, coi'n, grass, and all kinds of vegetables. 

I^~The reader will please bear in mind that in sending orders, the articles for which it is in- 
tended to be used must be mentioned, and kind of soil also, if you wish the worth of your monev. 
As I have said before, two articles of an entirely different nature must not be furnished with the 
same kind of food ; the article I prepare for grains would be dear at half its cost for fruit,— an d 
vice versa. 

PRICE OF browning's EXCELSIOR PHOSPHATE IS AS FOLLOWS : 

For Fruit Trees and Grape Vines, $65 per ton 

For all other Crops $60 per ton 

Put up in Barrels containing from 275 to 325 lbs. each. 
All that is asked is a fair trial alongside of any other fertilizer at any price, Peruvian Guano 
not excepted. 

BROWING'S INSECT PREVENTIVE, 

For the protection of plants ag ainst the ravages of the Bug and Worm. Also, beneficial as a 
fertilizer. Ten Cents per Pound. ^P~See circulars for directions. 

ALSO, FOR SALE, PERUVIAN GUANO AND BONE DUST. 

Warkasted strictly pdrb. Such as I use in manufacturing my Phosphate. This Bone Dust 
is made from bones direct from slaughter-houses, containing all tiie virtues that bones possess. 
It is seldom you can get bone-dust of this quality. Sample will be sent by maU on receipt of P. 
0. stamp. It is as fine as flour and will act quickly. 

Bone Dust put up in bags of 200 pounds each. Price, S60 per ton. 

Orders for one ton and upwards delivered in Philadelphia, or at either of the Camden depots 
free of charge. On orders for a less quantity a reasonable charge for delivery will be made. 

All orders must bo addressed to tlie manufacturer. 

GEO. L. BROWNING, 

JVo. 20 MarUet Street, Catnden, N. J, 

Full partlcalarg fu? using will be furnished. Send for pamphlet, 

(22) 



LofC. 



The old and longest established Standard Manure. 



Rhodes' Ammoniated Super-Phosphate, 

Prepared for such as are disposed to make their own combination. 



Itili' 



RHODES' MANURES', m their preparation, are made equally adapted lor forcius; 
large craps of COTTON, CORN, WHEAT, TOBACCO, POTATOES and OTHER 
ROOT CROPS. 

The Manufacturing Department is conducted by Frederick Klett, one of the most 
skillful Chemists and Manufacturers in the United States. 

It is indorsed, approved and recommended by all the most prominent Chemists 
and Agriculturists in the Southern States. Also by Prof. Jas. .Johnson, of the Yale 
Analytic School. 

They can be relied on as uniform in quality ; always reliable, productive of large 
crops and unexcelled by any in the market in the high percentage of TRUE FER- 
TILIZING PRINCIPLE. 

TOBACCO PLANTING. 

From numerous and careful experiments with Rhodes' SuPER-PnosrHATE, we 
confidently recommend it to planters for this important staple. 

Our correspondent at Havana, Cuba, writes : " In one Parish, which has been the 
principle purchaser, Rhodes' Manure is superseding already every description of 
Guano, and with time we must arrive at the same result in other Parishes." 

The Genesee Farmer recommends " Rhodes " used in this way : 

First After preparing the beds for the seed, scatter over it broadcast from two to 

three pounds of Super-Phosphate per square rod ; rake it in and sow the seed. It 
will not hurt the seed. 

The Super-Phosphate will hasten the germinating of the seed and the growth of 
young plants. It will develope the fibrous roots of the plants, to that when they are 
pulled up there will be more soil adhering to them, and they can be transplanted with 
less uncertainty. 

In transplanting we would apply the Super-Phosphate at the rate of 300 pounds 
per acre in the hills. It will not hurt the roots of the plants if put in the hole with 
them, but it will be better, perhaps, to mix the Super-Phosphate a little more with 
the soil, though the great value of Super-Phosphate consists in giving the plants an 
early start ; for this reason it should be near the roots during the early growth of the 
plant. 

$50.00 per ton cash, bags or barrels. Time sales can be arranged with city accept- 
ance. The usual discount of the market allowed dealers. 

B. M. RHODES & CO., 

Oflire Xo. 83 South Street, Baltimore, Mil, 

(33) 



BRADLEY'S 

SUPER - PHOSPHATE OF LIME. 

WAMMANXJED JINIlTOItM IN QLAI^ITT. 

The Animal Matter contained in the entire bone is restored to this Compound in 
the most concentrated form, making a powerful Manure. jes= Pamphlets giving di- 
rections for use sent free of charge on application. Manufactured by 

^W^M. L. BRADLEY, 

24 Broad Street, Boston. 
TESTIMONIALS. 

FROM THE BOSTON CULTIVATOR. 

Ex-Gov. Holbrook on Bradley^s Super- Phosphate. — I have used Bradley's Super- 
Phosphate of Lime for several years, with invariably good results, and commend 
him for his integrity in manufacturing it. 

Bradley's Super-Phosphate is excellent for about every vegetable grown in the 
garden ; for yards and lawns, and the various shrubs cultivated therein ; for corn 
and potatoes in field cultivation ; and especially when stocking land to grass, 
whether in the usual way, with a grain crop in spring, or with grass seeds alone in 
August and September. 

By applying, say 300 lbs. of Super-Phosphate per acre, with the grain and grass 
seeds in spring, the straw is much stiffened, the crop. less liable to lodge, the heads 
are large and the kernels plump, while grass seeds catch well and give a thick stand. 

Taming over old bound-out mowing or sward land in August, and applying, say 
.500 lbs. of Super-Phosphate per acre and reseeding directly to grass, without taking 
a crop of grain, will give an increased quantity and improved quality of hay crops 
for three or four years following ; or if the land be pasture exclusively, this mode of 
treatment will improve the pasture verj' much for quite a number of years, or pas- 
tures which cannot be plowed will be much improved by top-dressing with Ijradley's 
Super-Phosphate. F. Holbrook. 

Brattleboro', Vt., Jan 20, 18G9. 

From Hon. George B. Loring, President of the New England Agricultural So- 
ciety " I have used every variety, and have found none which operated more effect- 

nally and permanently than yaurs." 

From Rev. Henry Ward Beecher. — " A second season's trial confirms the good 
opinion which I formed of it, both for farm and garden crops." 

From Ex-Governor Cony, of Maine — " It was equal to any fertilzer of its class 
ever used by me, and I can confidently recommend it as of great agricultural utility. 
I siiall continue to use it, quite largely." 

From Ex. Gov. Fletcher, of Vermont. — " I am fully satisfied that it is a very use- 
ful and valuable article for the farmer." 

From Ex-Gov. Buckingham, of Connecticut. — "I used your Super-Phosphate of 
Lime on grapes, corn, potatoes, and other vegetables. The grapes and corn were 
especially benefitted." 

From Prof. Otto Wutii, Analytical Chemist, Pittsburg:, Pa " It is obvious, that 

a fertilizer of such a composition cannot be surpassed." 

From Hon. Marshall P. Wilder. — " I have ever considered it as one of the 
most economical manures in use." 

From Col. T. S. Lang " I am gratified with the result of its application." 

From Hon. Amasa Walker. — " I applied it upon old and long exhausted pasture 
land. The effect was wonderful." 

From Hon. Edmund Burke ■" I have no hesitation in pronouncing your Super- 
phosphate the best fertilizer I have ever used." 

From Dr. Leibig. — " No one can question the high standard of your fertilizer." 

From Judge Pierrepont. — " Its effect was rapid and wonderful. It is fur the 
cheapest manure of which I have any knowledge." 

From Dr. S. Dana Hayes, State Assayer, Boston. — "Your Super-Phosphate is 
entitled to the confidence of the agricultural community." 

From Dr. A. A. Hayes.— "Your fertilizers add permanent value to the land, and 
may be used with confidence." 

From Samuel Graves, Esq., of Hatfield, Mass. — " I find no other Phosphate so 
good as yours." 

Prom Dr. E. W. Hatch, Supt. State Eeform School, W. Meriden, Conn "We 

much prefer your Super-Phosphate to any in the market." 

From Hon. James S. Grinnell, Chief Clerk Department of Agriculture.— -"I 
have used Bradley's Super-Phosphate, and regard it as an excellent article." 

(24) 



TO DEALERS ANX) CONSUMEES OK 





SO?^ ^ CLARIC, Pi^lLAOEL! 



The reputation of our SffEK-Piiosi'iiATE being now well established in all places 
where it has been used, and being determined to sustain its reputation by using only 
THE BEST MATERIALS m its manufacture, we beg to notify those who wish to pur- 
chase our Super-Phosphate that it is put up 



And is brandod- 



COJ!f TAILING 200 rOVNDS, 



C R O A S D A 

GENUINE 





The Standard Fertilizer for all Crops. 
lSTAJiDARD GUARA?,TEEI) by prof. J. C. BOOTH, CHEMIST. U. ^. WSl. 

irauufacturecj by 

135 North Water St,, Philadel'ihia. 



We also beg to notify our friends, that we intend to make only one bkanb of 
Super-Phosphate, which shall be of the very best quality, and do not intend to 
manufactuie an injsrior article to be sold at a reduced price. 



WATTSON & CLARK, 



Manufacturers and Proprietors of Croasdale's Super-Phosphate. 

S. li. JiOBJilKSf V'holescilc N'eiv Enyland Agent, 131 Cotnmcrcial 
Street, Portland, Ma- 

PiiiLADELPniA, Jan. 13, 18G9. 

( 25 ) 



ALTA VELA PHOSPHATE. 

It is composed of the celebrated Guano from 

ALTA VELA, 

Combined with other fertilizing material, making a 

COMPLETE MANURE. 

The Company, importing the Guano direct from the rich deposits of birds at 
Alta Vela, is enabled to furnish a fertilizer that cannot be excelled. 

Price, ^56. jiei' Ton. Send for a pamphlet. 

Address, 

The Alta Vela Guano Company, 

^^^Self-Acting Ox Bow Pin. 



_ PATEXTf:!) AUG. 4, 1865. 

Tt is a good article, and recommended by farmers, — the best in use. State and 
Country flights for sale and doods supplied. Send for circulars and price list. 

II A UXH UIl S T'S 

AJUSTABLE HOE, 

PATEXED FEB. 13, a^t> OCT. 2:'., 18(JC. 

The best and cheapest in usa, with garden rake and 
potato hook attachable — half the price of the common 
hoe, rake and hook. Rights for sale throughout the 
United States, and goods supplied. Send for circular. 

G^. ^^^. HAXJXHTJKST. 

Office of JPateiH nights 

2 State St., Hartford, Ct. 



CMESTKR "mrHITK PIC-S 

AND FANCY POULTRY 

FOB SALE. 
For Prices Address. 

T. B. SMITH, 

Stoney Brook, L. L, N. Y. 

( 26 ) 




fTTnTn 



WONnERFUL RAriDITir, 

IPerfectly ^Regular and 

EVEN DISTRIBUTION OE THE SEED 



CAHOOM^S FATEWT 

BROADCAST SEED -SOWER, 

FOR SO WING ALL KINDS OF GRAIN AND 
GRASS SEED. 








This machine has beeu in use in a few localities for the past ten years, and has 
proved itself by long trial to be an invaluable implement. The proprietor of the 
Patent, having been largely engaged in another branch of business, neglected to 
bring it into public notice. 

The subscribers having long known it to be au efficient and very much needed 
machine by agriculturists everywhere, have recently bought, at large expense, the 
entire right of manufacture and sale of it, throughout the United States, and are 
now prepared to supply the trade. 

The greatest value of this implement consists in the tact that it distributes the 
grain evenly in the most perfect manner, thus insuring a larger crop than can lie ob- 
tained from any other mode of seeding. 

Its operation is so simple that anybody can readily use it, 

(27) 



The Hand Machine sows from 6 to 8 acres of wheat per hour, and the Power Ma- 
chines from 15 to 20. It sowa 'WHEAT, RYE, BARLEY, HEMP, 
OATS, CLOVER and HERDS GRASS or TIMOTHY SEED, 

perfect]}', and is invaluable for sowing Guano, Superphosphate, or any dry Fertilizer. 

We want every farmer in this country to buy one of these machines. Buy them 
of the nearest dealer in Agricultural Implements, if you can, but if you cannot, we 
will box and forward by express a Hand Machine on receipt of Ten Dollars, and a 
Power Machine on receipt of Sixty Dollars. We make a liberal discount to the 
trade. 

We could furnish hundreds of testimonials, but have room only for the following : 

PoETLAND, Maine, October 29th, 1868. 

Messrs. D. H. GOODELL & Co., of Antrim, N. H., have this day purchased of 
me the sole right to manufacture and sell " CAHOON BROADCAST SEED SOW- 
ERS," in the United States. They will soon be able to supply the largely increasing 
demand, and all orders should be addressed as above. 

The validity of this patent has been fully established after one of the most exhaus- 
tive suits known to Patent Law, and fully believing any practical Seed Sower 
operating by centrifugal force to be an infringement, I caution the Public against 
buying or selling any other than the " Cauoon Machine," as all infringements will 

be Promptly Prosecuted. 

HENRY H. FURBISH. 

Assignee of all Cahoon Seed Soiuer Patents. 

San Francisco, Cal., 14th May, 1S6S. 
Gentlemen : — The " Cahoon Broadcast Seed Sowers," Hand and Power, are 
universally used in California, and give entire satisfaction. We sell no other, and no 
other could sell along side of them. They are the very embodiment of utility. 

Yours Respectfully TREADWELL & CO. 

Nora, Jo. Daviess County, Illinois, May 2nd, 1868. 
Gentlemen :— I have been using your Power Machine for the last nine years, and 
I can safely say, it is the best and most durable Broadcast Sower that was ever 
brought before the farming community. I would not be obliged to do without it for 
three times its cost. I have averaged sowing three hundred acres a year lor the 
past nine years, and therefore think I am competent to judge of the Machine. I 
could not buy a Machine that would suit me as well, or do the amount of sowing 
that I have every year. To accommodate my friends, I often go three or four miles 
away from home to sow grass seed, and I can sow it to perfection, no matter which 
way the wind blows. I am confident I can beat any one sowing by hand. The 
agent told me when I bought the Machine if I could sow more evenly by hand he 
.would make me a present of the Machine, but I never tried and do not care to. 

Very Truly Yours, B H. KESSNER. 



Sole Manufacturers, Antrim, N. H. 

(28) 



Mew England Frait Trees. 

GRAPE VINES, CURRANTS, GOOSEBERRIES, RASPBER- 
RIES, STRAWBERRIES, RHUBARB, EVERGREENS, 
NORWAY OATS, &c., 

FOK SALE 1;Y 

R. R. FLETOHER, aroton Junction, 

All orders promptly attended to. 



FRUIT TREES 

Consisting of Apple, Crab Apple, Dwarfs; Pear, Standard and Dwarfs; 
Cherry; Plnm ; Peach; Golden Dwarf Quince, c^:c. 

ORAPES. 

A large lot of Concord, Main, Hartford Prolific, Delaware, Adirondac, 
lona, Israella, Roger's Hybrids, <fcc. For sale cheap, as the land i-; wanted 
for other purposes. 

CURRANTS.— Cherry, White Grape, White Dutch and La Versaillaise. 

GOOSEBERRIES.— Houghton Seealing. 

RASPBERRIES.— Clark and Doolittle Improved Black Cap. 

BLACKBERRIES.— New Rochelle (Lawton), Dorchester, and • 



Wachiiset 



THE ONLY HAKDY VAIUETY IN CULTIVATION, 

As no other can stand our AViiiters without protection. COMPARATIVELY 
FREE FROM THORNS. 

Compact habit of growth ; very productive ; and fruit of large size. Owing to those 
sterling qualities, it must supersede all other kinds, and will be a favorite witli 
every fruit-grower and in every family garden ; being free from those inconveniences 
which have excluded the Blackberry tribe from most gardens. 

A limited stock of strong plants for sale at Sl.OO each, or $10.00 per dozen. 
Smaller plants will be sent out next May in larger quantities, at $9.00 per dozen, or 
$.')0.00 per hundred. 

Address orders to 

MirX'US JJ. FTjEXCMJER, Gi-oton Junction i 

Ov DENYS ZIJRNGIEBEZ, Kecdham , Mass, 

( 29 ) 



X)K,^II<r TIXiE 



MANUFACTUKED BY 



wiiiin 



iiLLirr 



EXETER, ISr. H. 



Cash Prices of Tile delivered on board the Cars. 

Each tile is one foot long. 

1)4 inches ' . . . 815.00 per 1000 

2 " 18.00 " " 

3 " 25.00 " 

31/ " • 35.00 " 

4 " " 50.00 " 

5 "...... 75.00 " 

6 " 100.00 " 

Lay your tile four feet dcex>. 



Drainage facilitates the pulverization of the soil. Clayey soils change 
oreatly when they are no longer saturated with water. They lose their 
brick-like character, and become loose and friable. This, however, requires 
time, and a single season often will not suffice. Drainage also gives effect to 
manures, by carrying their fertilizing qualities through the soil, so that they 
are better distributed. Every farmer understands the importance of equally 
distributing manure. The drains carry air through the earth, and the tem- 
perature of the soil, being cooler than the atmosphere, moisture is therefore 
beino- constantly deposited. This condensation of the moisture, which even 
in the dryest seasons, is found in considerable proportions in the atmosphere, 
keeps the subsoil from losing its usual moist condition. The maxim of the 
English farmer is : '• If your lands are wet, drain ; if they are dry, drain :" 
and it has been by carrying out this principle that the wheat crop of 
England has been doubled in twenty years. 

( 30 ) 



33. B5. oh:o-a.te:*s 

ADVANCE 

MOP WBINOERl 



Hi 



MVAKDED 

AT THE 

N. HAMPSHIRE 

State Fair, 

SEPT. 1868. 




AWARDED 

AT THE 

VERMONT 

State Fair, 

SEPT. 18CS. 



A great reliftf to hands and wrists. No handling mops with hands. 

THE WATER MAT BE USED BOILING HOT. 

rr s^'VES tiivie: ^isrr> streng-th! 



THIS WRINGER HAS THE FOLLOWING ADVANTAGES: 

Its great simplicity, cheapness and durability; its lightness, and the quickness with 
which it is placed upon any common pail ; and the ease and quickness with which it 
wrings a Mop. It also washes the dirt from the Mop much cleaner than twisting or 
squeezing. 

N. B. — It is so constructed that in bearing upon the treadle the IVringer is held 
firmly upon the floor, and has no tendency to upset the Pail. 



REFERENCES. 

Springfield, Vt., Nov. 2oth, 1868. 
We, the undersigned, each have an Advanced Mop Wringer, and find it all the in- 
ventor claims it to be. AVe would not be without it, and we would recommend it to 
all housekeepers. It saves labor of the hardest and most disagreeable kind. 



Mrs. G. L. Closson, 
" A. H. Bingham, 
" J. 0. Spring, 
•' A. L. Burpee, 
" H. F. Wyman, 

F. V. A. ToWnsend, 



Mrs. Albert Bwown, 
N. A. Andrem's, 

E. A. DOUBLEDAT, 

J. A. H. Ellis, 
H. H. Spencer, 
J. M. Gilbert, 



Mrs.F. P. Ball, 
" E. A. Robinson. 
" S. Taylor, 
" R. T. Johnson, 
" L. J. Ellis, 

" G. W. FOGGETT. 



Most of the above have used this Wringer three months. 

Premiums. — First premiums awarded during the year 1868, in addition to the 
above named Vermont and New Hampshire State Fairs, as follows : Windsor Couu' 
ty Fair, at Woodstock, Vt., September ; Connecticut River Valley Fair, at Keene, 
N. H. ; Claremont (N. H.) Town Fair, Springfield, Vt., Town Fair, and Black River 
Valley Agricultural Association, at Perkinsville, Vt. ; also, first premium, silver 
medal, at New Hampshire Mechanics' and Art Association, at Concord, N. H., Oct. 



A Good Commission given to Canvassing Agents. 

JIANUFACTUKED AND FOR SALE BY 

B. B. CHOATE, : : : SPRINGFIELD, VT. 

State and County rights for sale, and Wringers furnished with 

territory, if desired. 

(31) 



3045 & 3047 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, 

UNDER THK DIRECTION OF , 

CHAELES P. WILLIAMS, 

Late Professor of Analj-tical and Applied Chemistry, Polytechnic College, of the 
State of Pennsylvania, 

For the Analysis, Assay and Valuation of Ores, Min- 
erals, Fertilizers and Commercial Products, and 
for Instruction in Analytical, Experimental 
and Technical Chemistry, 

This Laborator'y is prepared to undertake (in addition to the ordinary rou- 
tine of assays and analyses) the expekimental investigation op chemi- 
cal PROCESSES AND PRODUCTS ON A PRACTICAL WORKING SCALE, and tO 

test and work quantities sufBciently large to demonstrate their value, and to 
decide upon their proper economic treatment. 

IteUable Exa^ni nations, Reports and Mai:)S of 3Iineral Lands 
and Mines. Consultations on Questioiis in Chemical Ttchnology . 

WALDRON J. CHENEY, 

Pres. Atlantic Quartz Co., 
3045 & 3047 Chestnut St., Phila. 



INSECT EXTINGUISHER 



Address, 



Price 12 Cents. 

JOSEPH TREAT, Vineland, N. J. 



Can be attached to any power in a few minutes. Causing it to rim as uniform as 
the best regulated Steam Engines. 

PRICE $10.00. AGENTS WANTED. 
For farther particulars address with stamp. 

THOS. B. McCONAXJGHEY, 

Newark, Deleware. 



:kt)'wa:rt) j. evans & co. 



W' 



gl. 






Illustrated Descriptive Priced Catalogues of Ijotli nursery and soed dci)artment9 



mailed to applicants. 



( n2 ) 




NON ■ EXPLOSIVE 



Farmers'' 




The Subscriber takes pleasure in announcing to the public that after a test of 
several years his new Farmers' Boiler has proved itself no longer an experiment, 

OVER EIGHT HUNDRED 

having been manufactured and sold, and are now used for nearly 

One Muitdred l^iWerent I'urposes* 

( See Circular. ) 

This new compined apparatus has received the highest awards at every State 
Fair where exhibited, the last being a 

GOLD MEDAL AT THE LOUISIANA STATE FAIR 

HELD AT NEW OELEANS IN 1867. 

By the use of this Boiler several vessels can be heated at a time, or cooking 
done at some little distance bj' extending pipes. It is particularly adapted to cook- 
ing in quantities for stock, as well as many other purposes where a low pressure of 
steam, or an open boiler, small still, retort, &c., are required. It is 

SAFE, CHEAP AND SIMPLE, 

and the only combined apparatus in the market. 

J6®=- Send stamp to pay postage on my new Illustrated Eight Page Circular, 
giving details, prices, testimonials, advantages of steam, &c. 
N. B. — A liberal discount to dealers. 

Patentee and Proprietor, 

EAST BETHANY, N. Y. . 

(33) 



IMPROVEMENT IN CABINET ORGANS. 

(ratented 186S.) 

THE 

MASON & HAMLIN 

Is a new invention, now readj' in the several stj'les of the MASON & HAMLIN 
ORGAN, to which the manufacturers invite attention, believing that it is likely to 
prove 

The Most Popular Improvement ever made 

in instruments of this class. 

It is now several years since the invention and application to such instruments of 
the VOX HUMANA, which was first applied by its inventor to the organs of Ma- 
son and Hamlin, who were urged to introduce it to the public. In its then imperfect 
state, and especially considering its liability to get out of order, they were unwilling 
to adopt it. From that time, continuous experiments for its improvement have been 
made in the factory of the Mason & Hamlin Organ Companj' and elsewhere, which 
have at last been eminently successful, the result being the Mason & Hamlin Im- 
PKOVED Vox Humana, combining several patents. 

In combination with the Automatic Bellows Swell, used only in these Organs, 
it wonderfully increases the capacity and beauty of these instruments, imparting 
delicious qualities of tone, and producing novel and exquisite effects; especially 
adding to its variety and delicacy of expression, and increasing somewhat its power. 
The peculiar excellencies of several Orchestral Instruments are successfully imitated , 
and altogether, as frequently characterized bj' organists, " the effect is fascinating." 
It is simple in construction, free from liability to get out of order, and requires no 
additional skill for its use, being operated by tiia ordinary action of the bellows, re- 
quiring no separate pedal. 

STYLES AND PRICES. 

Attention is invited to the new styles of Organs, and new scale of prices an- 
nounced this month. 

NEW STYLE, No. 21— Five-Stop Double Reed Cabinet Organ, with Vox 
Humana. Case of solid Black Walnut, carved and paneled, new design. 
Stops, Diapason, Viola, Melodia, Flute, V^ox Humana. The best Organ 
of its size that can be made. Price >170. 

NEW STYLE, No. 22— The same Organ, in Rosewood Case. Price $200. 

NEW STYLE, No. 39— The same in Pipe Organ style of Case. Carved and paneled. 
Walnut, with richly Gilt Pipes. Price $300. 

NEW STYLE, No. 27— Sub Bass and Octave Coupler Cabinet Organ, Five 
Stops— Diapason, Principal, Octave Coupler, Sub Bass, Vox Vumana. Solid 
Walnut Case. Each key commands four separate reeds or vibrators. An 
Organ of surpassing power and brilliancy, and great variety. Price $250. 

STYLE No. 1— Four Octave Organ— Solid Walnut Case, plain". Price $')0. 

STYLE No. 3— Four Octave Doukle Reed Organ. Solid Walnut Case, plain. 
Price $75. 

STYLE A — Five Octaves, One Stop, Tremulant, with one set of vibrators through- 
out, and Knee Swell. Carved and paneled Walnut Case. Price $100. 

STYLE C— Five Octaves, Five Stops— Viola, Diapason, Melodia, Flute, Tremu- 
lant, with two sets of Vibrators throughout, and Knee Swell. Carved and 
paneled Walnut Case. Price ??r2.'). 

Many other Styles at Proportionate Rates. 

The superiority of the Mason & Hamlin Organs is well established. They are 
the ACKNOWLEDGED STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE among instruments of the class ; 
were awarded the Paris Exposition Medal, and have been honored with an 
amount and degree of commendation from the musical profession of this and other 
countries never given to any other instrument. 

A new descriptive and illustrated catalogue, just issued, will be sent free to every 
applicant. 

The Mason & Hamlin Organ Company, 

WAREROOMS 596 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, 

(34) and No. 15<U Treinont st., Boston. 




The Best is always the Cheapest. 



Farmers everywhere testify that it costs much less 

to keep the Union Mower in repair than 

any other Mower in the Market ! ! 



Read the following testimonial from a United States ofiBcial : 

Government Hospital fok thr Insane, ) 
Near Washington, D. C, Dec. 12, 1868. f 

Thomas H. Dodge, Esq., Worcester Mass: — Z)ear (Sir .-—I take pleasure in 
bearing testimonj' to the excellence of the Union Mower. One of the first Machines 
manufactured (in 1862, 1 think) has been in use at the hospital ever since, and has 
mowed about forty (40) acres of grass each year. This Machine does its work 
well, and is of light draft. Its mechanical construction is superior to most other 
agricultural machinery with which I am acquainted, and its liability to get out of 
order reduced to a minimum. ****** 

The New Union Mower which you furnished the Hospital last spring (ordered 
mainly on account of a large increase of the amount of grass to be cut), is superior 
to the first in some details of construction, and has cut the equivalent of about fifty 
(50) acres of grass without getting out of order in any particular. 

The Whitcomb Hay Rake which you furnished with the last Mower, was in con- 
stant use during the last haying season and gave entire satisfaction. 
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

C. H NICHOLS, Supt. 

For further information address the proprietor, 



THOMAS H. DODGE, 

Worcester, Mass. 



(35) 



"WoiWev ^. 'Woodi's "^ovc-cv. 



WaWcv ^. WoodCs Se\.5 TBLotX^c "SLea^tev. 






Manufactured by 
ir A LTER A. IV O O 1) 

Mowing and Reaping Machine Co.? 



The Highest Prizes ever oflered 
on Harvesting Machines, have 
been awarded these Machines, 
ainonic them-- 



Two Grand Gold Medals 

and the Grand Cross of 

''''^ the Legion of Honor at 

the Great Paris Exposi- 

P tion and Field Trial, in 





, Eight First Prizes 
I' ' in 1868. 

For Lightness of Draft, Simplicity of Construction, Durability, Ease of Manage- 
ment, and Peifection of Work, these Machines excel all others. For sale through 
our Agents all over the world. 

jd®- Descriptive circulars will be sent free on application to the Manufacturers. 

(36) 



*r. JE. JWOMMSI^J^, 




18v5 Merchants Exchange, : : Manchester, N. H, 

For Sale, Houses, Parrns am] House Lots, in this City and vicinity. Particular 
attention paid to Superintending Estates, Collecting Rents, Dividends, Interest. &c. 



In the following sound and reliable Companies 



HARTFORD, COf^f»a. 

Assets. ----..- #4,000,000. 

Annual Income $2,500,000, and constantly increasing. Is paying 50 per cent, 
dividends. Its advantages over other Companies are : All its policies are Non-For- 
feiting; No Restriction on Travel, Location or Emplo3'ment ; Dividends npon the 
Full Premium paid on all Tables ; Notes taken, if desired, for half the Premium, 
and are all paid by the Dividend ; In all cases the full amount of Insurance is paid ; 
No extra charge for insuring Females, Railroad Employees or Seamen. 



FBRE §riSyitAi\iCE. 

HOME, New Haven, Conn., Assets, $1,619,070 34 

CITY FIRE, Hartford, Conn., Assets, 503,989 37 

MERCHANTS', Hartford, Conn, Assets 484,642 34 

CONNECTICUT FIRE, Hartford, Conn., Assets, 342,613 50 

PACIFIC. San Francisco,— Branch Office, New York, 

(Gold Basis) ': 1,433.039 81 

CLEVELAND, Ohio,— Branch Office, Boston, 563,728 50 

FIREMEN'S, New York,— Branch Office, Boston, 350,000 00 

All classes of property insured at the lowest rates. $50,000 on one risk taken. 



ACCIDENT INSURANCE. 
RAIL^V^AY PASSENG^ER COMPAISTY, 

HARTFORD. CONN. 

Capital, $304,800. 

Insures against all kinds of Accidents, by the day, week, month or year. Poli- 
cies all registered. Get a ticket. 

t^ Call and sec my figures before you get insured. Information concerning 
the above bnsiness freely given at 

3S/C O I^ H- I L L'S OFFICE, 

Xerchanta Exchangv^ Matiehester , 2ff M, 
<37) 



SEED AND aROGEEY STOEE, 

No. 5 Patten Block, 
MANCHESTER, IST.H. 



Here you can find a choice stock of Herds Grass, Clover, Brown and Red Top 
Seeds, All the new varieties of Seed Potatoes, viz. : 

Early Eose, Excelsior, Early Goodrich, Early Sebec, Garnet Chili, Har- 
rison, Gleason, Vanderveer, Wachusetts Seedling, &c, &(i. 



OARDEN SEEDS, 

By the pound or paper, from the best growers in the country. Also — 

FLOWJEJt SEEHS, GMJSEN-BOVSE PLANTS, &c. &€. 

In fact everything the Farmer or Gardener wants, at the lowest market prices. 



HALL, IV ATT S Sf CO., 

Manufacturers of and Dealers in 



SHORTS, PLASTER, &C. 



MARSHALL'S BUILDING, cor. Elm and Central Sts. 
^•.?-.^\\V MANCHESTER, N. H. 

W. r. HOLMES. ' 



Manufacturer and Wholesale and Retail Dealer in 

Meerschaum, Brier, and all kinds of Pipes, &c. &c. 
No. 5 JfANOVEM STREET, 

Opposite the Post Office, .Mapchester, N. H. 

(38) 




A seedling, originating in 1861 in the vicinity of Manchester, N. H., from the 
"State of Maine" potato— in form is much like its parent; color, white; skin 
thin and smooth. It cooks quickly, is white and mealy, and of very superior 
flavor. The MiKROR AND Pakmer, Manchester, N. H., says : "The "Excelsior" 
grown side by side with the 'Harrison,' ' Sebec,' and -Early Rose,' is better 
than either of them, is a superior variety for the table, and is productive." 

Hon. Levi Bartlett, tlie veteran agriculturist says : " After testing the several 
varieties for table use, I have come to the conclusion that the " Excelsior," taking 
into consideration its yield and qualities, is the best variety of the whole lot I 
have grown." 

Hon. Herman Foster, of Manchester, N. H., late President of N. H. Senate, 
says: "The 'Excelsiors' are excellent, much better than the ' Orouo ; ' they are 
white, mealy and superlatively good." 

Col. Geo. W. Riddle, Treas. X. H. State Agricultural Society says : " The ' Ex- 
celsiors ' are the best potato I have ever known, good yielders and of superior 
quality." 

ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS REWARD is offered by the celebrated 
Seedsman, .Tas. J. H. Gregory, for a better potato than the " Excelsior," open to 
Breezes No. 4, which have been sold as high as FirTy dollars each. 

The editor of Practical Farmer, Philadelphia says: " We never heard of this 
' Excelsior ' before these were sent us, but on boiling them are !ree to say, that in 
our opinion, it is of the finest quality, having all the evidences of a first-class potato 
for table use. It boils quickly, is very dry, mealy and highly flavored— with more of 
what is called a desirable potato flavor than any we have ever tasted, with a single 
exception. They were also submitted to several other judges of potatoes, who Were 
of the same opinion." 



The "Excelsior Potato" for sale by DANIELS & CO., 

Seed Store and Agricultural Warehouse, . . . MA.NCffX!§TER, y. H, 
PRICE, $1.00 PEE POUND. 

(39) .,:, j::.;. 



^W^ROUGHT-IRON 

if 



iimsi 



This Pipe is made of Slieet Iron, firmly riveted, and is lined witb Hydraulic Cement. The 
entire outside surface, when laid. Is covered with the same. The Cement becomes hard lilie 
stone, and perfectly protects the metal from the action of ail and water, and thereby prevents 
either corrosion or incrustation, and delivers the water to the consumer as pure as at the foun- 
tain head. This pipe has been in use for twenty-five years, under tests, in some instances, of 
nearly three hundred feet pressure-head, and has in all cases piven entire satisfiiction. Cities, 
towns, aqueduct companies, manufacturers and private individuals, contemplating the laying 
of pipes for conveyinK water for private uses, will find it for their especial interest before pur- 
chasing, to first examine into this pipe, and its merits over otlier kinds of pipe. 

Send for Circular, giving full description, with references ; also treating upon diseases 
caused by the use of lead and other kinds of metallic pipes. There is at the present time more 
than 600 miles in use In the New England States and in New York. 

In sending for prices, state fuUv nearly the distance to be laid, and t^e soil to be laid in — 
whether wet, stoney, or clayey. The prices given will in no case include trenching and filling. 

Manufactured and Laid by the 

Manchester Cement Water Pipe Works, Manchester, N. H. 

V. C. Hastings, Agent. James A. Weston, Treaa. 

The late Rr. S. L. D\na says that—" Spring water is, in New England, at least in its primi- 
tive region, generally pure,— tliat is, not so highly charged with neutral salts as well water. I 
have seen lead pipe which conveyed pure spring water at Jamaica Plains, Roxbury, which was 
eroded and perforated, and the lead was dissolved at the end of eiirht years' use ; and lead has 
been detected in the waters of Jamaica Pond, drawn from the load pipe in Boston, supplying it 
for domestic use in such numerous instances, and under such circumstances, so various, that it 
is impossible to doubt the erosive action upon lead pipe, and facts are abundant to prove that 
lead pipe in actual use, transmitting natural water, whether rain, spring, well, lake, pond or 
river, is eroded or dissolved by tliat water as long as the pipe is in use. 



CEMENT DRAIN AND SEWEE PIPE, 

For House Drains, City and Town Sewering, Railroad Culverts, Sluices for Drive- 
ways into Yards, Conveying Water for Mill Purposes, Drainage, for Parks and 
Cemeteries, Cesspools, Stench Straps, Chimneys, Wells, Ash Safes, Cold Air to and 
Smoke Flues from Furnaces, Wind Flues for Manufacturing, Flues for Hot Houses ; 
also, many other purposes for which it is in use. 

Why is Cement Pipe better than other things that have always been used for such purposes ? 
1st— They do not corrode and rust out like cast- iron, nor decay like wood and clay structures. 

They are smoother Interiors than brick, give less friction, greater flowing capacity of the 
same calibre, less liable to get obstructed with sediments, more durable, rcnuire less time and 
excavating to lay them, which is of great importance in business stroets, and where the trenches 
are liable to cave, they can be laid by any laborer of good judgment and care; In case they 
prove too small for the demand, they can be taken out and relaid elsewhere, witliout Injury to 
the pipe. 2d— They are from 25 to '50 per cent, cheaper, taking into consideration all of the 
above points. 

The continual repairing of other drains and sewers often amount to more than the cost of 
the Cement Pipe, which is a practical, durable and sure thing ; also, it improves with use and 
age. 

Reference can be made to those that have given it a. test, to more than thirty railroad com- 
panies, 500 cities and towns, 1000 manufacturers and business men, and by 10,0(;0 private indi- 
viduals. 

MANUl'ACTUKED AND SOLD BY THE 

CONCORD CEMENT DRAIN PIPE WORKS, 

B. W. SAyBOltN, Agent. CONCORD, X. H. 

.VLSO BY THE 

NASHUA CEMENT DRAIN PIPE WORKS, 

8. D. CHANDZEM, Agent. NASHUA, N. H. 

AND ALSO, OKDEKS ARE RECEIVED BY THE 

CEMENT WATER PIPE WORKS, 

F. C. BASTINGS, Agent. MANCHESTER, N. B. 

asr The public arc invited to call at all of the Works and investigate, before 
adopting any other kind pf Pipe or form of Sewepge, gend for Circular and 
Price Lists. 

(40) 



Medal awarded at the N. H. State Fair, September, 1868. 

:o v^ XJ <3- Kt ' ^ 
Maw Home Smper J^MospIuite^ 

Calmmet Jflills M&me Must. 



In constant and f?uccessful use for 15 years past, throughout the United States and 
Canadas, on all Crops, Plants, Soils, and in all seasons, with wonderful results. 
NO PISH GUANO, LAND PLASTER, OR f WORTHLESS 
MINERAL GUANOS (cheap in their cost, and for the purpose of creating 
bulk), enter into the composition of Baugh's Manures. They are composed wholly 
of Raw Bones, Flesh and Blood, with Sulphuric Acid (manipulated as the 
formula of the article may be), and are the oflfal of the great Slaughtering Houses 
of Chicago, which we have entire control of. 

The Manufacturers of Baugh's Commercial Manures are the originators of the 
principle involving the use of R.\W BONES ONLY in their manufactures. The 
burning of the bones being entirely dispensed with in their manufacture, they con- 
tain a large amount of manurial matter, in which other preparations of Super 
Phosphate are greatly deficient. 

To be procured of local dealers at all points throughout the United States and 
Canada, or of the General Agents, 

GTCOROTG W. KIRKE & CO., 

110 Wafer IStreet, Boston. 

.TOH^iSr RA-LSTOlSr & CO., 

181 Pearl Street, Keiv York, 

Sold by 

J. S. KIDDER & Co., Manchester, N. H., 

Who can supply Baugh's Manures by the Car Load, Ton, or single package, at very 
favorable prices. Send for circular. 

Dealers in 

GRAIN, MEAL, FLOUR, SHORTS, 

LIME, CEMENT, &C. 

No. 4z Museum Building, Elm Street, 

MANCHESTER, N. H. 

ARTHUR m, EASTMAI^I, 

( Successor to Eastman <£■ Son, ) 

GROCERIES AND PROVISIONS, 

3 MET550B2ST CUUSlCJa BLOCK, 

MANCHESTER, N. H. 

Goods delivered to all parts of tlje Qity free of charge, 

(41) 



Tfie Clipper Mowing MacMne. 

COMBINING A LARGER NUMBER OF TEE 

Essential Points necessary to make a perfect Mmver, than can be 
found in any other Machine offered to the public, 

II 




263 Elm Street, Manchester, N. H. 



The CLIPPER MACHINES, as now constructed, are tbe onlj 
Mowers built which come up to the advanced stage of improvement found iu otlier 
Agricultural Implements. The light, elastic steel hay fork, steel hoes and shovels, 
have entirely superseded the heavy and clumsy wrought iron ones, which no farmer 
would now think of using ; so, a Mower built of appropriate materials and like 
finish, will supersede the present clumsy machines, made mostly of wood and cast 
iron. 

Builders of other Mowers have been too much intluenced by a desire to lessen 
their cost, and have employed wood and cast iron, where wrought and malleable 
iron ought only to have been used. In the CLIPPER MACHINES ikon has 

BEEN LARGELY SUBSTITUTED FOK WOOD, MALLEABLE IKON for Cast il'On, and STEEL 

in the place of malleable or wrought iron. 

An examination of the CLIPPER will convince any one of their superior 
merits over all others, in Strength, Durability, Ease of Draft, and Reliabilit;/ 
for loork over all kinda of ground, and in every variety of grass. 

The CLIPPER MACHINES are made of four different sizes, of which we 
now have an assortment on hand, and shall be pleased to show to all who think of 
purchasing. 



^ iss lES :e3 & 1 1 sis::e2x>@iii 

Herds Grass, Vermont, Western and Southern Clover, Red Top, Rhode Island 
Bent (far superior to Red Top), Garden Seeds of all kinds. Seed Peas of every 
variety. Also, 

Extra Seed Potatoes, such as Harrison, Vanderveer's Seedling, Early (Joodrich, 
(tc. &c., all of which we offer to our friends at the 

LOWEST CASH PRICES. 

KIDBER & CHAHBLER, 

263 Elm Street. 

(42) 



FXSARIMC dl CO. 

Invite the atteution of purchasers to their extensive and carefully select- 
ed stock of Goods now 

Opening' for th.e Spring of 1869, 

OONSlSTINIi I\ TAKT OF 

Silks, Shawls, Dress Goods, Damask, 

Damask Cloths, Mapkins, Doilies, 

ftuilts. White Goods, 

Linens, Hosiery. Gloves, & small wares. 

A FULT- LINE OF 

CLOTHS FOR MEN'S AND BOYS' WEAR. 

PRINTS, COTTONS AND DOMESTICS, a full assortment, which 
we shall sell at the lowest prices. PRINTED APRONS and SKIRTS 
selling cheap. 

Our motto, " Quick SaJes and Small Projils." 

FEAEING & CO. 
169 Merchants Exchange, Manchester, N. H. 



The New England Chemical Com'y 

Is Manufacturing, 

And will deliver free of charge at any Railroad depot in the city, OIL OF 
VITRIOL, guaranteed of as pure quality as can be made by any works in 
the country. 

For sale at the lowest m-arket price. Apply to 

WM. H. FOSTER, 

Treasurer of the New England Chemical Compauy, 
Office, ISTo. 8S Mlilk Street, Boston. 

vwm.u F. cmiaDSj, bemtist» 

84 Merchants I^xchangv, Over Putney's Dining Saloon. 

All operations in Dentistry well and carefully performed at fair remunerative prices. 
Teeth inserted by a method superior to all others. 

Any teeth inserted by me, with which ordinary fofld cannot be masticated im- 
mediately upon their insertion, need not be taken from the oiSce or^paid for. 

Teeth extracted without pain, by the administration of puke Nitrous Ox-. 
ipE Gas. 

J8®* All comroHDications by letter promptly answerei^f 

(43) 



ATTENTION FARMERS!! 



Are jroT-i al^out buying: a 

MOWING MACHINE, 

HIY TEDDER, or 

KORSE RIKE. 

If so, be sure and call ( before purcliasino' el8evvhere ) on 



Who are agents for the 

PERRY MOWER, 

— IHK — 

AMERICAN HAY TEDDER, 

— AND — 

BURT'S HORSE RAMIE, 



The above Machines all stand at the " Head," and after giving them 
an examination you will buy no others. 

Call and examine them, or send your address and we will send Cir- 
culars. 

LANE & r>OI^R, 

WELLS BLOCK, 

MANCHESTER, J^. H. 



"©ifMPLETE mii^yeE/' 



MADE FROM 



Super-Phosphate of Lime, 

Ammonia and Potash. 



A Superior Article for House-Piants (uot ofFensive to the sight or 
smell), Gardens, Field Crops, <fec. 
In large or small packgaes at 

HENRY C. MERBILL'S SEED STORE, 

236 Elm Street, 

M ANCH ESTER, N.H. 



'9 
226 Elm Street, : : : : City Hall Building. 

Has constantly on hand a full line of 

CHOICE GROCERIES, CROCKERY, GLASS, and 
EARTHEN WARE. 

Plea!=e call and examine Goods and Prices before purchasing elsewliere. 

"EXCELSIOR" POTATOES, .... $1.00 pee pound. 



MOSES EASTMAN, 



DEALER IN 



FRKSH AMD SAL.T MKATS 

Fresh and Canned Fruits, Nuts, Oranges and Lemons, 

Butter, Cheese, Lard, Hams, Vegetables and 

Country Produce of all kinds. 

180 Elm Street, : : : : Manchester, N. H, 

DR. A. A. RUSS, ~ 

3D E 3Sr T I S T . 

118 Elm, corner of Merrimack St., 

MANCHESTER, N. H. 

(45) 



ISAAC N. RIDDLE^ 

GROWER OF 

N O I?^ T H E R ISr 

SEED POTATOES. 

Orders filled for 

Early Mose^ 

Harrison^ 

Early Groodrich^ 

iwleason^ STc* ^c. 

FARM AT BEDFORD, N. H. 

Address, 

MANCHESTER, N. H. 
28 MANCHESTER ST., MANCHESTER, N. H. 

MONUMENTS, MANTLES, PIER SLABS, 

HEAD STONES, CHIMNEY PIECES. SOAP-STONE SINKS, 

WASH BOWL SLABS, &c. &c. 

Constantly on hand and i'lirnished to order at short notice. Satisfaotion wan-anted 

in all cases. 

J. U. FARNHAM. 

J. B. SAUNDERS, 

Manufacturer of and Dealer in 

TRUNKS, VALSSES AMD BACS. 

121 GRANITE BLOCK, Hd door from the Manchester House. 

MANCaESTEM, N. H. 

THE PRACTICAL FARMER, 

A 16-page Montlily Journal, devoted to the interests of Agriculture, is 
emineutly practical, and full of valuable reading to every cultivator of the 
soil. Subscription price, ^1.50 per annum, or 20 copies for $20. 

Published by 

PASCHALL MORRIS, 

18 Xorth 12th street, Phila. 

(46 ) 



A^. IPr . Q XT I N T, 



DEALER IN 



Ladies and Men's Furnishing Goods, 

Umbrellas, Parasols, Hosiery, Gloves, Zephyr Worsted, Hoop Skirts and 
Corsets. All kinds of Fancy Goods sold at the Lowest Cash Prices. 

No. 215 ELM STREET, MANCHESTER, N. H. 

TBOSE IN WANT OF 

BOOKS, STATIONERY, 

PICTURE FRAMES, and 

PAPER HANGINGS, 

Can always find a good assortment at 

Sf ULLIVAlSrS B O OKS TORE, 

211 Elm Street, Manchester, N. H. 

i> . ^ . .^ ]m: e: ^ 

HAS OPENED 



No. {i Kimball SlocJc, Elm at., bettveen Sridge <£• Pearl sts. 

MANCHESTER, N. H. 

Constantly on hand or made to order. Harnesses, Collars, and every description of 
Goods usually found in a first class Harness Shop. Also Trunks, Valises, and 
Traveling? Bags, allot which will be sold at the Lowest Cash Prices. 

DEALERS IN 

WV«# IfifiiM €r&&ds (nmM Grroceries* 

SOUTH BASEMENT PATTEN'S BLOCK, ELM ST., 

MANCHESTER, N. H. 

Flour, Butter, Chees^e, Lard, Sugar, Molasses; Japan, Oolong and Young Hvson 
Teas ; Old (Government Java, Portocabella and Rio Coffees ; strictly pure 
Cream Tartar and Spices ; English Currants, Nuts, Figs, RBisins, and Cooking Ex- 
tracts; Coarse-Fine and Rock Salts, Kerosene, Whale and Seal Oils; Fruit, Vege- 
tables, etc. Cash paid for Country Produce. 



LOWELL'S IRON FOUNDRY. 

A. H. LOWELL & CO., 

Manufacture CASTINGS OP ALL KINDS at the shortest notice, and in the 
most satisfactory manner. 

South, of Freight Uepot, 3M:anch.est©r, N". H. 

A. H. LOWELL. F. L. PRINCE. 

(47) 



LIWiM&B¥&M'M 



M 



BOOIC AND JOB 






MANCHESTER, N. H. 

fWcdcLiriQ. ^ai^d ta a ^astei'-, ex.ecLLtad 
LIZ the. neH^ lie.s.t ma.n.n.e.t'^. 




SPacn as. ^ehnaizs., ^ddi-a&&e&, jSfauuz 3le/zaf^t&, 

f^ataLa£LLe&, J^L^-Jfaias., etc., /zHiited 

/zi'-atn/ztL^ aad accLU-ateli^. 



FRENCH. 

All orders for printing Pamphlets, Circulars, Programmes, Shop 
Bills, etc., in the French Language, faithfully executed. 

C. F. LIVINGSTON, Proprietor. 



ME HilEilOJIM l4M»TEiiEi. 

THE OWLY PERFECT HAY-MAKER EVER INVENTED. 




Made only by AMES PLOW COMPANY, 

incy Hall, Boston, Mass., and No. 53 Beekman Street, New York. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




002 755 998 ""^ 



AGRIGULTURAL WAREHOUSE, 

IVO. 1 PATTEIff BLiOGK. 



DANIELS & COMPANY 

HAVE IN STORE A LARGE STOCK OP 

FARM IMPLEMENTS, 

Doe Plows; Shovels and Spades; Manure Forks, square and 
round Tine; Spading Porks; Churns, Cavis' Patent; Cylin- 
der and Dash Churns; Butter Moulds; Cheese Presses; 
Cheese Hoops and Baskets; Cultivators, Iron and 
Wood Frames; Patent Harrow Teeth; Crow 
Bars; Trace Chains; Draft Chains; 
Grindstones ; Wheelbarrows ; 
Dry Measures, &c. 



I Ii I22XS R S. 



SUPER-PHOSPHATE OP LIME, 

Uniform in qualltif, and unexcelled hy any in market. 



6EASS, GABDEN AND FIELD SEEDS, 

In large variety, and from the most reliable growers. 



Egf^rtfi Mose PotiBtoes. 



MANCHESTER, N. H. 



